Sled Impact Test - Q'Straint - QS 0209

Frontal Impact of an Q-8100-A-SC Deluxe QRT with
Slide 'N' Click Anchorage Mechanism
Used to Secure the SAE/ISO Surrogate Wheelchair
and Restrain a Midsize Adult Male ATD with a Q'Straint Three-Point Belt

Tested in accordance with Appendix A of SAE J2249

Submitted to:
Q'Straint
5553 Ravenswood Road
Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33312

The University of Michigan
Transportation Research Institute
2901 Baxter Road
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109

ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND DATA USE RESTRICTION

This test was sponsored by Q'Straint of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and was conducted in accordance with procedures set forth in Appendix A of SAE J2249 Wheelchair Tiedowns and Occupant Restraint Systems for Use in Motor Vehicles, hereafter referred to as J2249. The performance of the wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint system has been measured and evaluated according to the requirements of Section 6.2 of this standard. Advertisements and marketing literature should refer to the requirements and provisions of SAE J2249, but should not refer to the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. Requests for copies of this report, test films, and videos should be directed to the test sponsor.

TEST METHODS

This frontal impact test was conducted on the UMTRI impact sled in accordance with Appendix A of SAE J2249. The sled operates on the rebound principle, achieving a desired change in velocity by reversing its direction of motion during the impact event. The sled crash pulse is trapezoidal in shape and is reported as an average deceleration level in g. The sled velocity is monitored immediately before and after impact.

Data generated during the test were digitized live using a Pentium-II workstation and simultaneously multiplexed and recorded on the direct record channels of a Honeywell Model 9600 magnetic tape recorder. All signals were filtered to the requirements of SAE J-211.

The photo-instrumentation consisted of high-speed (1000-frames/sec) 16-mm motion-picture cameras and high-speed digital video cameras for side and rear views of the impact event. A Polaroid® graph-check camera was also used to provide a quick-look sequenced photograph of the impact event. The transducer data and the high-speed test films are simultaneously marked by a timing pulse and LED, respectively, generated at one-millisecond intervals. A strobe flash and simultaneous voltage pulse record and synchronize the onset of impact deceleration on film, video, and transducer data.

TEST SETUP

The SAE/ISO Surrogate Wheelchair was secured facing forward using a Q'Straint Q-8100-A-SC Deluxe QRT with Slide 'N' Click anchorage mechanism. The system consists of four strap-type retractable tiedowns that hook to the wheelchair securement points and that anchored to the vehicle.

The wheelchair was loaded with a midsize-male ATD that was restrained by a Q'Straint three-point belt, with the lap belt anchoring to the rear-tiedown retractor assemblies. The upper end of the shoulder belt was anchored to the sled fixture that simulates the vehicle anchor point at the position specified in S AE J2249, and the lower end of the shoulder belt was attached to the pin-bushing connector on the tongue of the Q'Straint lap belt.

SUMMARY OF TEST SETUP AND PRE-TEST MEASUREMENTS

GENERAL TEST INFORMATION Test number Test date Wheelchair type Wheelchair tiedown Occupant restraint Anthropomorphic Test Dummy (ATD) Wheelchair orientation Sled platform Desired impact velocity (V) Desired average sled deceleration	QS 0209 December 2, 2002 SAE/ISO Surrogate Wheelchair Q-8100-A-SC Deluxe QRT with Slide 'N' Click anchorage mechanism Q'Straint three-point belt Midsize-male ATD @ 76.4 kg (168 lb) Forward facing Rigid steel plate 48 kph (30 mph) 20 g
WHEELCHAIR TIEDOWN Front-to-rear anchor-point distance Rear tiedowns Lateral distance between anchor points Angle wrt horizontal Angle wrt to wheelchair center plane Anchor point to rear-wheel hub Length (anchor point to securement point) Front tiedowns Lateral distance between anchor points Angle wrt horizontal Angle wrt to wheelchair center plane Length (anchor point to securement point)	1321 mm (52.0 in) 445 mm (17.5 in) 35 degrees 0 degrees 406 mm (16.0 in) 495 mm (19.5 in) 660 mm (26.0 in) 40 degrees 13 degrees 572 mm (22.5 in)
OCCUPANT RESTRAINT D-ring location: Behind ATD shoulder Above ATD shoulder Above sled platform Left of wheelchair centerline Angle of pelvic belt wrt to horizontal Angle of shoulder-belt Projected frontal view wrt horizontal Projected lateral view wrt horizontal	305 mm (12.0 in) 178 mm (7.0 in) 1257 mm (49.5 in) 305 mm (12.0 in) 50 degrees 55 degrees, measured on ATD torso 30 degrees, measured above ATD shoulder
ATD POSITIONING Shoulder height above sled platform H-point height above sled platform	1105 mm (43.5 in) 572 mm (22.5 in)
WHEELCHAIR Weight Wheelbase Seatback angle wrt vertical Seatback height (without headrest) Seatpan angle wrt horizontal Seat surface height from floor @ SB junction Seatpan length	85.0 kg (187 lb) 533 mm (21.0 in) 10 degrees 559 mm (22.0 in) 6 degrees 483 mm (19.0 in) 432 mm (17.0 in)

TEST RESULTS

The Q-8100-A-SC Deluxe QRT with Slide 'N' Click anchorage mechanism, effectively secured the SAE/ISO wheelchair during frontal-impact loading and sustained impact intact. Forward movement of the surrogate wheelchair was limited to 135 mm, which meets the SAE J2249 limit of 200 mm. The surrogate wheelchair was in an upright position at the completion of the test and the ATD was seated in the wheelchair. After the test, the surrogate wheelchair could be released from the four-point tiedown and the ATD could be removed from the occupant restraint system without the use of tools.

The ATD was effectively restrained from forward excursion by the three-point pelvic and shoulder belt, and was limited to approximately 446 mm of head excursion and 352 mm of knee excursion, which are both below the SAE J2249 excursion limits of 650 mm and 375 mm, respectively. The ratio of the ATD's knee excursion to the wheelchair point-P excursion is 2.6, which is above the minimum allowed ratio of 1.1.

The results of this test show that the tiedown and occupant restraint system tested meets the requirements of Section 6.2 of SAE J2249. The following tables summarize the test results and compliance with SAE J2249 and ISO 10542-1 and -2.

GENERAL TEST INFORMATION Test number Actual impact velocity (V) Actual average sled deceleration level Actual peak sled deceleration level Total time of deceleration over 20 g Total time of deceleration over 15 g Deceleration pulse duration	QS 0209 50 kph (30.8 mph) 20.7 ms 24.6 ms 28.6 ms 64.1 ms 82.1 ms
ATD MEASUREMENTS Peak resultant head acceleration Peak resultant chest acceleration Head Injury Criterion Maximum forward head excursion#134; Maximum forward knee excursion#134;#134; Maximum rearward head excursion#134;#134; Average post-test H-pt ht above sled platform	52 g 57 g 508 446 mm (17.6 in) 352 mm (13.9 in) 229 mm (9.0 in) 559 mm (22.0 in) 2% change
TIEDOWN LOADS Peak left-rear tiedown force Peak right-rear tiedown force	n/a n/a
BELT LOADS AND PELVIC BELT ANGLE Peak right pelvic-belt load Peak shoulder-belt load Post-test pelvic restraint angle	8016N(18021 lb) 11303 N (2541 lb) 50 degrees
WHEELCHAIR MEASUREMENTS #134;#134; Maximum forward wheelchair excursion at Point P* Maximum forward excursion of front-wheel hub Maximum forward excursion of rear-wheel hub	135 mm (5.3 in) 174 mm (6.9 in) 170 mm (6.7 in)

† The forward head excursion is the total forward change in position of the leading edge of the head, measured at the initial position prior to impact and at the time of maximum forward head travel.

†† Excursions reported are the total horizontal change in the position of the affixed targets relative to the sled platform from just prior to impact to the time of maximum forward or rearward excursion.

*Point P is a seating reference point located 50 mm above and 50 mm in front of the junction of the seatback and seat cushion planes.